Africa’s energy transition should be guided by realism, technological innovation, and sustained investment, rather than abrupt shifts away from fossil fuels, according to energy expert Prof. Bart Nnaji, CEO of Geometric Power and former Nigerian Minister of Energy, as reported by the Zawya website.
In a recent comment, Nigeria’s former Minister of Energy argued that the continent’s development trajectory makes a rapid transition away from fossil fuels impractical.
He noted that Africa’s population is expected to grow to nearly 2.5 billion in the coming decades, driving rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, and increased digital connectivity—factors that, in turn, will significantly increase demand for energy.
He cautioned that expecting African economies to phase out fossil fuels overnight is neither realistic nor fair, noting that natural gas will remain a crucial “transition fuel” for baseload power generation in the short term.
According to him, Africa’s energy strategy should reflect its development priorities, particularly since many nations still rely on fossil fuels for industrial growth.
Instead, he advocated for a “just energy transition” that balances climate responsibility with economic necessity, allowing countries to gradually build cleaner and more resilient energy systems without hindering development.
Technology as a key factor
The energy expert highlighted the emerging technologies that are already reshaping access and distribution across the continent.
He highlighted decentralized energy systems—including mini-grids, off-grid solar installations, and battery storage—as essential tools for expanding access to electricity in remote and underserved communities.
He also emphasized the role of smart grids and artificial intelligence in improving efficiency, reducing energy waste, and enhancing the performance of public utilities.
He added that advances in battery technology are making renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, more reliable by addressing the challenges posed by their intermittent nature.
He noted that African entrepreneurs are playing a leading role in implementing innovations such as prepaid solar systems, community-managed mini-grids, and mobile payment platforms.
According to him, these solutions not only expand access to energy, but also create jobs and stimulate local economic growth.
The lack of funding remains a major obstacle
Despite technological advances, he warned that financing remains a critical obstacle. Citing estimates from the International Energy Agency, he stated that Africa needs approximately $90 billion annually to achieve a successful energy transition, but current levels of financing fall far short of what is needed.
He urged governments to implement clear and favorable policy frameworks to attract private investment and reduce project risks.
He also mentioned the African Development Bank, which has called for substantial increases in investment in electricity grid infrastructure and a doubling of spending on clean energy by 2030 to meet growing demand.
Access to energy and economic transformation
In addition to providing electricity, he argued that reliable energy is essential for Africa’s broader economic transformation.
According to him, improved access would boost industrial growth, strengthen transportation systems, and support the emergence of a digital economy fueled by data infrastructure.
He also highlighted the social impact of decentralized energy solutions, noting their importance for improving education, health care delivery, and the development of small businesses.
According to him, access to electricity allows children to study after dark, enables clinics to safely store vaccines, and empowers entrepreneurs to build sustainable livelihoods.
Call for coordinated action
The energy expert emphasized that progress will depend on stronger political coordination, regulatory harmonization, and public-private partnerships among African nations.
He argued that integrated markets would help attract greater investment and accelerate innovation across the energy sector.
He concluded that Africa’s energy future should be shaped primarily by Africans, drawing on the continent’s experience with rapid technological advances, such as those seen in mobile telecommunications.
With the right combination of investment, innovation, and collaboration, he said, Africa can achieve a more inclusive and sustainable energy system that supports long-term development.
